Film fill plastic media and attached biofilm growth I Wastewater treatment
Biological processes in wastewater treatment can be classified into two main categories: suspended growth and attached growth/ biofilm processes. In suspended growth processes the microorganisms responsible for wastewater treatment are maintained in liquid suspension by appropriate mixing and aeration. The most common suspended growth process is activated sludge. Instead in the attached growth process, the […]
How does denitrification work and simultaneous nitrification/denitrification?
In Wastewater treatment denitrification describes the final step of the conversion from ammonium NH4+ to Nitrogen gas N2. After ammonium is oxidized by microorganisms in a 2-step process ammonium is at first converted to Nitrate NO3-. Nitrate NO3- is still in the wastewater and although is less harmful than ammonia it can still cause diseases. […]
TKN tutorial – What is the difference of ammonia and ammonium
Johan Kjeldahl developed in 1883 a method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen contained in organic substances and inorganic substances – ammonia NH3 and ammonium NH4+. He named the sum of all measured nitrogen TKN – total kjeldahl nitrogen. TKN plus Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-), Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-) and Nitrogen gas (N2) can be summarized in […]