Tube settler I Plate settler maintenance – Best cleaning I clogging methods
Tube settlers which are also known as plate settlers or lamella clarifiers are used in drinking- and wastewater treatment plants to settle out suspended solids. Depending on the application the TSS (total suspended solids) loading can vary between 50 to 500mg/l or more. When the solid settling force is higher as all drag forces, solids […]
Film fill plastic media and attached biofilm growth I Wastewater treatment
Biological processes in wastewater treatment can be classified into two main categories: suspended growth and attached growth/ biofilm processes. In suspended growth processes the microorganisms responsible for wastewater treatment are maintained in liquid suspension by appropriate mixing and aeration. The most common suspended growth process is activated sludge. Instead in the attached growth process, the […]
Trickling filter design guideline – How do trickling filters work?
Trickling filters are biological reactors within wastewater treatment plants which are used to remove organic matter and/or ammonia from wastewater. Compared to the activated sludge process the microorganisms are not suspended in the mixed liquor but they are attached to a fixed bed surface. Nowadays, the fixed bed surface is usually provided by structured plastic […]
TKN tutorial – What is the difference of ammonia and ammonium
Johan Kjeldahl developed in 1883 a method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen contained in organic substances and inorganic substances – ammonia NH3 and ammonium NH4+. He named the sum of all measured nitrogen TKN – total kjeldahl nitrogen. TKN plus Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-), Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-) and Nitrogen gas (N2) can be summarized in […]
How do tube settler work – plate settler, lamella clarifier tutorial
Tube settlers which are also known as plate settlers or lamella clarifiers are used to increase settling performance within a sedimentation basin. Tube settlers consist of inclined plates or channels that provide a settling surface area for particles in wastewater and drinking water. The total settling area is the sum of the projected area in […]
Solid liquid waste management – Waste sludge handling
Municipal and industrial wastewater undergoes various treatment steps in WWTPs before it is released back into rivers and other waterways. In secondary clarifiers most sludge is collected and recycled back to the aeration basin to generate a stable and productive activated sludge for nutrient removal. However, as more and more sludge enters the plant over […]
Lamella clarifier guideline – tube settler design and CFD simulation (Video animation)
Apart from the selection of the right lamella clarifier module the design of lamella clarifier tanks requires several design considerations. More details on the selection of the right lamella clarifier module can be found in the linked video. Other parts of a lamella clarifier tank are the water inlet, sludge settling and water outlet zone. […]
Activated sludge process – Upgrade with IFAS
After explaining how the activated sludge process works in part 1 we are now taking a closer look on how to increase the wastewater treatment capacity of ASP with IFAS systems. IFAS stands for integrated fixed film activated sludge and describes the combination of fill media attached growth systems with the activated sludge process. The […]
Activated sludge process and IFAS – Design rules + guideline
Activated sludge is worldwide the most used suspended growth process in wastewater treatment. The treatment process can include different steps, but most commonly are: Screening and grit removal to filter out debris Primary clarifier for particle sedimentation Biological treatment with activated sludge consisting of an aeration basin, secondary clarifier and recycle stream Disinfection for […]
Trickling filter process – Advantages in comparison to activated sludge
Trickling filters, also known as bio filters, are normally a fixed-bed, biological reactor operating in aerobic conditions. In the filter, microorganisms are attached to the inter packing material which was composed of rocks or gravel in the past and is nowadays a wide range of plastic fill media. Fill media support is placed on the […]